
I'm sure you've heard the expression, "You really had to be there"... well I went to see an opera last night that this figure of speech certainly applies to:
Wozzeck by Alban Berg, which premiered in 1925.
The reason that I suggest that description falls short of the experience is that the plot sounds incredibly dark and hopeless. There's an excellent detailed synopsis online
here, but to be brief, poor Wozzeck is a truly modern man, alone, tormented, poor and powerless; he has had a child with his mistress, Marie, but she is likewise poor and anchorless. The bulk of the other characters, almost exclusively male, are more powerful than Wozzeck, and taunt, abuse and exploit him, eventually unhinging his mind: the Captain with his lectures, the Doctor with his experiments and lust for scientific immortality (hoping to name Wozzeck's illness as a new psychosis) and finally the Drum Major who seduces Marie, and then beats and publicly mocks Wozzeck. Wozzeck evenutally comes completely unglued, murders Marie, then drowns himself. Only their little orphaned child is left, playing with his toys, unaware and uncomprehending of what has happened.
Not a great "first date" opera, no.
Probably not a good one to take the kids to either, unless one has a fund set aside for psychological debriefing after the fact...
Why something like this is interesting to watch is tricky to explain, but it has a gripping intensity that commands attention: certainly this audience (quite young, with most under 30 by my estimate) was completely absorbed in the story. Think about thriller or suspense films, like Christopher Nolan's
Memento, the Tarantino pictures, or even better, Joel and Ethan Coen's films like
Fargo or the recent Oscar-winner
No Country For Old Men and you'll realize that these stories are eerily powerful and horrifyingly compelling.
But there's nothing new about that; we've been drawn to this kind of thing for hundreds of years, in old tales and folksongs... there are connections with
murder ballads such as
Knoxville Girl, even down to such elements as the murderer and victim taking a walk by th
e river prior to the murder. This story is also significant because it's largely true, and was one of the firs
t times that the "insanity" defence was attempted in a legal trial. I say "attempted", because it didn't work: Johann Christian Woyzeck, the historical figure on which the play and then this opera was based, was found guilty and executed for the murder in 1824 in Leipzig.
Ultimately I think opera, because of its stylized nature, and resultant capacity for amplification of reality, works incredibly well at telling this kind of story. Berg's music is eerie, beautiful and frightening, perfect for illustrating the exploitation of the poor by twisted and corrupt authority, and one can fully understand the impact his music has had on audiences and other artists when you hear his score today, eighty years later. The influence on cinema music is most obvious, and because of that I think that a modern audience is much more open to dissonant and frightening music than they might have been in 1925, when one reviewer famously thundered that the opera wouldn't last beyond the decade of its premiere.
The German baritone
Dietrich Henschel played Wozzeck; I have several of his
lieder recordings and was very interested in seeing and hearing him live. (The chance to hop on a bus for 30 minutes, and get to see first-rank European singers for a reasonable price is one of the great benefits of living here.) Henschel has a beautiful, lyric voice, and his characterization of Wozzeck was consistent, believable and sad. He played him as a rawboned, melancholic soldier with a kind of unconscious awkwardness that put everybody else slightly ill at ease. His voice was assured and evenly coloured, expressive, and the most compelling and attractive thing about the character. The other singers I didn't know, but they were all very effective in difficult parts, their individual vocal colours standing out well, even against the sometimes heavy orchestrations.
Surprisingly, my favorite voice of the evening was actually one of the smallest parts: it was the drunken sermon by the First Apprentice, sung by bass Kurt Gysen that stood out for its clarity, authority and vocal power. It just goes to show you that a role doesn't have to be big to be impressive! The orchestra was superb, and was conducted not by the scheduled conductor, but by his assistant, Peter Tomek. (There's another lesson there: everybody gets sick once in a while. Most of my breaks in the past were because someone got sick, or backed out of a contract, and it's like that for everyone.)
The set was minimalist: the stage was simply covered with brown dirt... this sounds odd but it really worked wonderfully for the different scenes. On one side was a slight depression that looked like a bomb crater; on the other was a white rectangle, initially covered with dirt that Marie ineffectually tried to sweep clear, that powerfully evoked the carving out of a pitiful room where she and her child lived, where Wozzeck visited her and where she eventually betrayed Wozzeck with the Drum Major. What I didn't notice at the time but realize now is that the dirt made the stage seem alive, in an organic way... strangely it was more like a real place than any other set I've ever seen. For the tavern scenes the cast moved in enough furniture to effectively help them represent a bawdy, drunken party, complete (as in the
last opera I saw there) with onstage musicians, adding further to the sense of reality. Scene changes were quick, carried out in near-blackout, and frankly necessary for the audience to have time to process what they had just seen, especially as the dramatic pace accellerates as the plot moves to its climax.
The depression/crater to stage right suddenly filled with muddy water, just prior to the murder scene in act III, and the technical triumph of the evening happened when Wozzeck was made to drown in what we knew was only a few inches of water, disappearing completely under the surface of the "river"... how they did this I don't know - maybe something with a trapdoor that let him through, but retained the water - but it was incredible.
I realize that I've just written over a thousand words about an opera that I said at the beginning you really had to be there to "get". Oh well!
I bought a copy last night of Henschel's
lieder and art song disc,
Invitation au voyage, with songs by Mahler (
Songs of a Wayfarer), Vaughan Williams' (
Songs of Travel) and various songs by Duparc. I've done
Travel before, and want to look at
Wayfarer but don't have a copy
. However,
Bruce sent me a book of French
chansons including
Duparc's
l'invitation au voyage, so I think I'll take a listen and try that one out myself before Malcolm comes home for lunch.